Understanding EPDs: Guidance for the review and application of EPDs for façade products - Published December 2024

Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) are increasingly being used to communicate the environmental impact of façade products throughout their life cycle. This paper aims to provide guidance on the dissemination, understanding, and application of EPDs specifically for façade products and equip the reader with a basic understanding to navigate and interpret declarations, whilst providing a critical review of the common challenges associated with their application.

The paper follows the previous CWCT publication ‘How to read an EPD’ and outlines the various types of EPD available offering guidance on navigating their structure and content. It delves into the established standards governing the creation and independent validation of EPDs, ensuring their accuracy and credibility. Additionally, it explores the basis of core (i.e. BS EN 15804) and complimentary Product Category Rules (PCRs), which establish a framework for informed decision making when conducting Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) – a crucial starting point of EPDs.

Through critical analysis, the paper identifies and explores the common difficulties encountered when applying EPDs in the context of façade products. By acknowledging these challenges, the paper aims to promote a more nuanced understanding of their limitations and encourage further development in overcoming them.

The paper concludes with a concise summary of the key points and highlights potential areas for future research and publication. This exploration aims to contribute to a more informed and effective utilisation of EPDs within the façade product industry, ultimately promoting sustainable building practices.

Whilst this document is aimed at increasing awareness and knowledge to professionals working in the construction industry, it is important to acknowledge that any interpretation or calculation using this guidance should be undertaken by (or with the help) of an experienced Façade Engineer. This will ensure that the facade construction analysis and any data is correctly assessed or adjusted and will lead to more accurate and trustworthy results.